Overview
Slit Lamp Examination is a fundamental diagnostic procedure used to examine the anterior segment of the eye. This examination is essential for diagnosing corneal, conjunctival, iris, and lens disorders.
Slit lamp examination is crucial for diagnosing corneal diseases, conjunctival disorders, anterior uveitis, cataracts, and other anterior segment pathologies. It provides detailed visualization of ocular structures that cannot be seen with other examination methods.
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Indications
Comprehensive anterior segment evaluation
Evaluation of corneal diseases and injuries
Assessment of conjunctival inflammation and tumors
Evaluation of iris and ciliary body inflammation
Evaluation of lens opacities and position
Contraindications
Absolute Contraindications
Relative Contraindications
📋 Equipment Checklist
Check off items as you gather them:
Pre-procedure Preparation
Preparation includes explaining the procedure to patient, adjusting slit lamp settings, ensuring proper patient positioning, selecting appropriate magnification, and preparing for potential complications. All team members should understand their roles.Step-by-Step Procedure
Step 1: Patient Preparation
Explain procedure to patient. Position patient at slit lamp. Adjust chin rest and forehead bar. Ensure patient comfort.
⚠️ Common Mistakes to Avoid:
- Inadequate explanation
- Poor positioning
- Insufficient comfort
💡 Pro Tip:
Explain that bright light will be used during examination.
Step 2: Equipment Setup
Adjust slit lamp settings. Set appropriate magnification. Check illumination system. Ensure proper function.
⚠️ Common Mistakes to Avoid:
- Poor settings
- Wrong magnification
- Equipment malfunction
💡 Pro Tip:
Start with low magnification and increase as needed.
Step 3: External Examination
Examine eyelids and lashes. Assess conjunctiva and sclera. Note any abnormalities.
⚠️ Common Mistakes to Avoid:
- Incomplete examination
- Missing abnormalities
- Poor documentation
💡 Pro Tip:
Use diffuse illumination for external examination.
Step 4: Corneal Examination
Examine corneal epithelium and stroma. Assess corneal thickness and clarity. Note any opacities or defects.
⚠️ Common Mistakes to Avoid:
- Incomplete corneal exam
- Missing defects
- Poor documentation
💡 Pro Tip:
Use narrow slit beam for corneal section examination.
Step 5: Anterior Chamber Examination
Assess anterior chamber depth. Look for cells and flare. Examine iris and pupil.
⚠️ Common Mistakes to Avoid:
- Incomplete assessment
- Missing inflammation
- Poor documentation
💡 Pro Tip:
Use narrow slit beam to assess anterior chamber depth.
Step 6: Lens Examination
Examine lens clarity and position. Assess for cataracts. Note any abnormalities.
⚠️ Common Mistakes to Avoid:
- Incomplete lens exam
- Missing opacities
- Poor documentation
💡 Pro Tip:
Use retroillumination to assess lens opacities.
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Post-procedure Care
Post-procedure care involves documenting findings, comparing with previous examinations, monitoring for complications, and determining if additional testing is needed. Regular slit lamp examination is essential for comprehensive eye care.Complications & Management
Complication | Incidence | Signs | Management | Prevention |
---|---|---|---|---|
Patient discomfort | Common | Photophobia, eye strain | Reassurance, breaks if needed | Gentle approach, adequate breaks |
Incomplete examination | 5-10% | Missing findings | Repeat examination | Systematic approach, proper technique |
Equipment malfunction | Rare | Poor visualization, errors | Equipment check, repair | Regular maintenance, calibration |
Patient anxiety | 10-15% | Poor cooperation, anxiety | Reassurance, gentle approach | Good communication, explanation |
Clinical Pearls
Explain that bright light will be used during examination.
Start with low magnification and increase as needed.
Use diffuse illumination for external examination.
Use narrow slit beam for corneal section examination.
Use narrow slit beam to assess anterior chamber depth.
Use retroillumination to assess lens opacities.
Always examine both eyes for comparison.